PSG has now won the prestigious cup on fourteen separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the match featuring the French league champions and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the net early on.
However, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to take a surprise advantage. First, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial equaliser in the final moments to force the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping decisive kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing shootout win.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the last 13 seasons.